| United States | Largest overall holder | Government, institutions, individuals |
| China | Large Bitcoin reserves (confiscated) | Despite crypto bans, government holds seized BTC |
| Germany | Significant Bitcoin holdings | Government seized crypto from illegal activities |
| El Salvador | National Bitcoin treasury | First country to adopt Bitcoin as legal tender |
| Ukraine | High crypto holdings relative to GDP | Citizens use crypto heavily amid conflict |
| Russia | Large private holdings | Despite regulatory pressure |
| Canada | High per capita crypto ownership | Strong crypto investment culture |
| Australia | High crypto investment | Growing market for Bitcoin and Ethereum |
